The existence of mantle plumes was first proposed in the 1970s to explain intra-plate,
hotspot volcanism, yet owing to difficulties in resolving mantle upwellings with geophysical …

Magmatism has occurred throughout Earth's history. From the early Earth to the modern
plate-tectonic Earth, the amount of magmatism has varied, but it has always occurred on …

Volcanic hotspots are thought to be fed by hot, active upwellings from the deep mantle, with
excess temperatures (T ex)~ 100° to 300° C higher than those of mid-ocean ridges …

Of nine large age peaks in zircon and LIP time series< 2300 Ma (2150, 1850, 1450, 1400,
1050, 800, 600, 250 and 100 Ma), only four are geographically widespread (1850, 1400 …

Global tomography models show a large low‐velocity anomaly extending from the core‐
mantle boundary (CMB) beneath South Africa to the upper mantle in East Africa. Although it …

Geodynamic modelling provides a powerful tool to investigate processes in the Earth's crust,
mantle, and core that are not directly observable. However, numerical models are inherently …

The head of a mantle plume can weaken the oceanic lithosphere through the combined
action of its buoyancy forces and excess temperature, which eventually induces intra …

Understanding the interactions between surface and deep Earth processes is important for
research in many diverse scientific areas including climate, environment, energy …

Seismic studies have revealed two Large Low-Shear Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs) in the
lowermost mantle. Whether these structures remain stable over time or evolve through …

Numerical models of Earth's mantle dynamics that aim to comply with a variety of surface
observations and/or modern mantle structure, still predict a widely varying vigour of mantle …