Since their discovery in the late 1980s, neonicotinoid pesticides have become the most
widely used class of insecticides worldwide, with large-scale applications ranging from plant …

Background The synanthropic house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), is a
mechanical vector of pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites), some of which …

Spodoptera frugiperda is an important pest of several crops. Use of chemical insecticides in
insect control has not been successful. In the present study, bio-nano formulation of …

Carboxylesterases are one of the major enzyme families involved in the detoxification of
pyrethroids. Up-regulation of carboxylesterase genes is thought to be a major component of …

Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, has been used frequently for the management of
Musca domestica L.,(Diptera: Muscidae) worldwide. To design the strategy for resistance …

BACKGROUND The house fly, Musca domestica L.(Diptera: Muscidae) is an important
public health pest that serves as a carrier for pathogens transmitting various diseases of …

Objectives. High dependency on pesticides could cause selection pressure leading to the
development of resistance. This study was conducted to assess the resistance of the house …

Carboxylesterase-mediated metabolism is one of major mechanisms involved in insecticide
resistance. Our previous study has identified multiple carboxylesterase genes with their …

Among the vectorial insect pests, the domestic house fly (Musca domestica L., Diptera:
Muscidae) is a ubiquitous livestock pest with the ability to develop resistance and adapt to …

Pyriproxyfen, a bio-rational insecticide, used worldwide for the management of many insect
pests including the house fly, Musca domestica. To devise a retrospective resistance …