Contraction of esophageal (Eso) and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) circular muscle
depends on distinct signal-transduction pathways. ACh-induced contraction of Eso muscle is …

Background & Aims: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a condition frequently associated
with esophagitis and motor abnormalities. Recent evidence suggests that proinflammatory …

Bladder muscle specimens from seven patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction were
analyzed to determine whether the muscarinic receptor subtype mediating contraction shifts …

Major pelvic ganglion electrocautery (MPGE) and spinal cord injury in the rat induce bladder
hypertrophy and a change in muscarinic receptor subtypes mediating bladder contraction …

BACKGROUND & AIMS:: Transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) plays a critical role in
transcriptional changes in several diseases, including inflammation. The aim of this study …

The present study was aimed to investigate intracellular pathways involved in acetylcholine
(ACh)‐induced contraction in cat detrusor muscle cells Contraction was expressed as per …

Contraction of normal esophageal circular muscle (ESO) in response to acetylcholine (ACh)
is linked to M2 muscarinic receptors activating at least three intracellular phospholipases, ie …

In addition to regulating growth hormone release from the pituitary, ghrelin receptors also
influence cell proliferation and apoptosis. By studying mitogen-activated protein kinase …

We have investigated the activity of calcium and potassium channels in a murine model of
experimental colitis. Colonic myocytes from dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-treated mice …

Growth cones use cues in their environment in order to grow in a directed fashion to their
targets. In Xenopus laevis, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) participate in retinal ganglion cell …