Background: The cerebellum plays a central role in the online, real-time control, and long-
term modulation of eye movements. Evidence acquisition: We reviewed the latest (fifth) …

There are multiple types of plasticity at both excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory
GABAergic synapses onto a cerebellar Purkinje neuron (PN). At parallel fiber to PN …

Determining the sites and directions of plasticity underlying changes in neural activity and
behavior is critical for understanding mechanisms of learning. Identifying such plasticity from …

The rate and temporal pattern of neural spiking each have the potential to influence
computation. In the cerebellum, it has been hypothesized that the irregularity of interspike …

The signals in cerebellar Purkinje cells sufficient to instruct motor learning have not been
systematically determined. Therefore, we applied optogenetics in mice to autonomously …

Neural circuits generate representations of the external world from multiple information
streams. The navigation system provides an exceptional lens through which we may gain …

The optokinetic response (OKR) consists of smooth eye movements following global motion
of the visual surround, which suppress image slip on the retina for visual acuity. The effective …

Norepinephrine modulates synaptic plasticity in various brain regions and is implicated in
memory formation, consolidation and retrieval. The cerebellum is involved in motor learning …

The climbing fiber input to the cerebellum conveys instructive signals that can induce
synaptic plasticity and learning by triggering complex spikes accompanied by large calcium …

Purkinje cells (PCs) in the cerebellar flocculus carry rate-coded information that ultimately
drives eye movement. Floccular PCs lying nearby each other exhibit partial synchrony of …