This article reviews the past 25 years of empirical research on the rural nonfarm economy
(RNFE) in developing countries; that literature has evolved in ways that track and mirror the …

Small island developing states in the Pacific face multiple development challenges driven by
rapid population growth and high transportation costs due to remoteness and isolation …

Although the determinants of income diversification have been widely examined in the
literature, little is known about whether and how information and communication technology …

Food prices vary seasonally, particularly in areas with rainfed agricultural production and
imperfect markets, and are also subject to volatility arising from macroeconomic and climatic …

With rapid growth and development, nonfarm employment has become an important source
of livelihood for millions of rural households in China. Rural nonfarm employment is leading …

Diversification is a common livelihood strategy for rural households in developing countries,
with diversification being either a choice or necessity depending on individual household …

While the expansions of natural rubber in the greater Mekong region from the 1990s were
ambitious, the persistently low commodity price of rubber from 2012 makes smallholder …

Extreme weather events have occurred more frequently because of global climate change.
For farmers, diversification, including crop and income diversification, is one of the most …

This paper examines how resilience capacity mediates or moderates the relationship
between weather shocks and household food security based on two waves of farm …

Previous studies on rural livelihood diversification primarily focused on its determinants and
the role of cash transfers. However, little attention has been paid to the effects of …