Purpose Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disease of the macula,
often leading to progressive vision loss. The rate of disease progression can vary among …

A biomarker can be a substance or structure measured in body parts, fluids or products that
can affect or predict disease incidence. As age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the …

Highlights•Aging is the major risk factor for AMD.•The macula contains more than 60 kinds of
cells that may age at different rates.•The retinal aging in AMD is determined by its interplay …

While apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the strongest genetic modifier for late-onset Alzheimer's
disease (LOAD), the molecular mechanisms underlying isoform-dependent risk and the …

Retinal drusen formation is not only a clinical hallmark for the development of age-related
macular degeneration (AMD) but also for other disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and …

Objective—Lipoprotein (a)[Lp (a)] levels are genetically determined by hepatocyte
apolipoprotein (a) synthesis, but catabolic pathways also influence circulating levels. APOE …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that remains incurable and
has become a major medical, social, and economic challenge worldwide. AD is …

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the primary site of injury in non-neovascular age-
related macular degeneration or dry AMD. Polymorphisms in genes that regulate …

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell dysfunction is a key driving force of AMD. RPE cells
form a metabolic interface between photoreceptors and choriocapillaris, performing …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder. There is no
test for its definitive diagnosis in routine clinical practice. Although phase III clinical trials …