Notwithstanding rising interest, a coherent picture of the brain's representation of two
languages has not yet been achieved. In the present meta-analysis we analysed a large …

Advances in neuroimaging techniques and analytic methods have led to a proliferation of
studies investigating the impact of bilingualism on the cognitive and brain systems in …

It remains unsettled whether human language relies exclusively on innately privileged brain
structure in the left hemisphere or is more flexibly shaped through experiences, which …

The neural mechanisms underlying recovery of language after left hemisphere stroke
remain elusive. Although older evidence suggested that right hemisphere language …

Abstract Language learning as an adult, though often difficult, is quite common.
Nevertheless, the neural substrates of this process remain unclear, even though identifying …

Within the field of neuroscientific research on second language learning, considerable
attention has been devoted to functional and recently also structural changes related to …

In this paper we report a longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study
that tested contrasting predictions about the time course of cognitive control in second …

Unlike nonhuman primates, songbirds learn to vocalize very much like human infants
acquire spoken language. In humans, Broca's area in the frontal lobe and Wernicke's area in …

Recent studies have shown that when bilinguals or multilinguals read written words, listen to
spoken words, or plan words that they intend to speak in one language alone, information in …

Previous research on participants with aphasia has mainly been based on standard
functional neuroimaging analysis. Recent studies have shown that functional connectivity …