Quantifying the quality of upper limb movements is fundamental to the therapeutic process of
patients with cerebral palsy (CP). Several clinical methods are currently available to assess …

Introduction Recently, interest in quantifying upper limb function in cerebral palsy has grown.
However, the lack of reference tasks and protocols, have hindered the development of …

Electromyographic (EMG) raw signals are sensitive to intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
Consequently, EMG normalization is required to draw proper interpretations of standardized …

Objective Increased muscle co-contraction of the agonist and antagonist muscles during
voluntary movement is commonly observed in the upper limbs of stroke survivors. Much …

Walking after stroke is often described as requiring excessive muscle co-contraction, yet,
evidence that co-contraction is a ubiquitous motor control strategy for this population …

Objective Spastic co-contraction is a motor-disabling form of muscle overactivity occurring
after a stroke, contributing to a limitation in active movement and a certain level of motor …

Spasticity and spastic co-contraction are expressions of muscle overactivity that occur in
spastic paresis syndrome after a brain injury. The objective of the present pilot study was to …

Objective To address the roles and mechanisms of co-activation in two flexor/extensor pairs
during elbow extension in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods 13 Typically …

The aim of this study is to determine the intra-and intersession reliability of nonnormalized
surface electromyography (sEMG) on the muscles actuating the forearm during maximum …

Cerebral palsy (CP) patients with spastic diplegia struggle to perform activities of daily life
(ADL) using their upper arms. The single-joint-type Hybrid Assistive limb (HAL) for upper …