Environmental exposures, psychosocial stressors and nutrition are all potentially important
influences that may impact health outcomes directly or via interactions with the genome or …

ABSTRACT Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic condition
during pregnancy and may result in short-and long-term complications for both mother and …

Historically, craniofacial genetic research has understandably focused on identifying the
causes of craniofacial anomalies and it has only been within the last 10 years, that there has …

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a consequence of prenatal alcohol exposure
(PAE). The etiology of the complex FASD phenotype with growth deficit, birth defects, and …

Background: The prenatal environment influences lifetime health; epigenetic mechanisms
likely predominate. In 2016, the first international consortium paper on cigarette smoking …

Background Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) affects development of multiple
organ systems including the placenta, lung, brain, and vasculature. In particular, children …

Fetal exposure to prenatal stress can have significant consequences on short-and long-term
health. Epigenetic mechanisms, especially DNA methylation (DNAm), are a possible …

This work highlights recent studies in epigenetic mechanisms that play a role in alcoholism,
which is a complex multifactorial disorder. There is a large body of evidence showing that …

Epigenetics refers to the study of mechanisms controlling the chromatin structure, which has
fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression and genome stability. Epigenetic …

Abstract Purpose of Review There is interest in evaluating the developmental origins of
health and disease (DOHaD) which emphasizes the role of prenatal and early-life …