The contractile elements in skeletal muscle fibers operate in series with elastic elements,
tendons and potentially aponeuroses, in muscle–tendon units (MTUs). Elastic strain energy …

Simulating the microstructure and mechanical properties of natural tissues to achieve rapid
tissue regeneration and protect cells under strain during body movement is a giant …

Background: Achilles tendon (AT) midsubstance injuries may heal suboptimally, especially
in athletes. Transforming growth factor–beta 3 (TGF-β3) shows promise because of its …

We use a reactive Monte Carlo simulation method and the primitive model of electrolyte to
study acid–base equilibrium that controls charge regulation in colloidal systems. The …

Kangaroos and other macropodoids stand out among mammals for their unusual hopping
locomotion and body shape. This review examines the scaling of hind-and forelimb bones …

Contractions of skeletal muscles to generate in vivo movement involve dynamic changes in
contractile and elastic tissue strains that likely interact to influence the force and work of a …

Mechanical loading may be required for proper tendon formation. However, it is not well
understood how tendon formation is impacted by the development of weight-bearing …

Small bipedal hoppers, including kangaroo rats, are not thought to benefit from substantial
elastic energy storage and return during hopping. However, recent species-specific material …

Hydrogels are cross-linked hydrophilic polymer structures containing large amounts of
water. However, high water content or a high swelling of the gels can degrade the …

Predation is a fundamental selective pressure on animal morphology, as morphology is
directly linked with physical performance and evasion. Bipedal heteromyid rodents, which …