Seismic measurements take many forms, and appear to have a universal role in the Earth
Sciences. They are the means for most easily and economically interpreting what lies …

Hydrothermal fluid circulation within the sea floor profoundly influences the physical,
chemical and biological state of the crust and the oceans. Circulation within ridge flanks (in …

A joint interpretation of swath bathymetric, seismic refraction, wide‐angle reflection, and
multichannel seismic data was used to derive a detailed tomographic image of the Nazca …

The submarine Cocos ridge in the northwestern Panamá basin, a bathymetric feature more
than 1000‐km long and 250–500 km broad, is about 2 km shallower than the adjacent …

A seismic wide‐angle and refraction experiment was conducted offshore of Nicaragua in the
Middle American Trench to investigate the impact of bending‐related normal faulting on the …

The O'Higgins Seamount Group is a cluster of volcanic domes located 120 km west of the
central Chilean Trench on the crest of the Juan Fernández Ridge. This aseismic hot spot …

Measurements of the seafloor deformation under ocean waves (compliance) reveal an
asymmetric lower crustal partial melt zone (shear velocity less than 1.8 km/s) beneath the …

Hydrothermal circulation and brittle faulting processes affecting the oceanic lithosphere are
usually confined to the upper crust for oceanic lithosphere created at intermediate to fast …

Layer 2A, the porous and permeable uppermost igneous oceanic crust, permits the
circulation of fluid within the crust, the exchange of dissolved mineral species between the …

Marine hydrogeology is a broad-ranging scientific discipline involving the exploration of fluid–
rock interactions below the seafloor. Studies have been conducted at seafloor spreading …