The biopsychosocial model of pain dominates the scientific community's understanding of
chronic pain. Indeed, the biopsychosocial approach describes pain and disability as a …

Placebo effects are beneficial effects that are attributable to the brain–mind responses to the
context in which a treatment is delivered rather than to the specific actions of the drug. They …

Patients' expectations are important predictors of the outcome of analgesic treatments, as
demonstrated predominantly in research on placebo effects. Three commonly investigated …

Pain is a fundamental experience that promotes survival. In humans, pain stands at the
intersection of multiple health crises: chronic pain, the opioid epidemic, and health …

Background Neck pain is a common and often disabling musculoskeletal condition. Two
therapies frequently prescribed for its management are manual therapy (MT) and exercise …

Placebo treatments reliably reduce pain in the clinic and in the lab. Because pain is a
subjective experience, it has been difficult to determine whether placebo analgesia is …

Treatment outcomes are strongly influenced by expectations, as evidenced by the placebo
effect. Meta-analyses of clinical trials reveal that placebo effects are strongest in pain …

The opioid system regulates affective processing, including pain, pleasure, and reward.
Restricting the role of this system to hedonic modulation may be an underestimation …

Increased stimulation can enhance acupuncture clinical response; however, the impact of
acupuncture stimulation as “dosage” has rarely been studied. Furthermore, acupuncture can …

Perception of sensory stimulation is influenced by numerous psychological variables. One
example is placebo analgesia, where expecting low pain causes a painful stimulus to feel …