Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic and heterogeneous autoimmune disease with
symmetrical polyarthritis as its critical clinical manifestation. The basic cause of autoimmune …

Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic inflammatory disease that can lead to articular cartilage
destruction and periarticular bone erosion, thus ultimately compromising joint integrity and …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects the joints and extra‐articular organs and poses a
significant health care problem in the modern era. Although current standard treatment …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an incapacitating and one of the most common physically degenerative
conditions with an assorted etiology and a highly complicated molecular mechanism that to …

Rheumatic diseases are complex autoimmune diseases which include among others
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) …

Osteoarthritis is a complex degenerative disease that affects the entire joint tissue. Currently,
non-surgical treatments for osteoarthritis focus on relieving pain. While end-stage …

Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common form of autoimmune inflammatory
arthritis. Intra-articular gene delivery to block proinflammatory cytokines has been studied in …

Multiple efforts are currently underway to control and treat severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease marked by joint
destruction and functional impairment. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a critical role in RA …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a challenging chronic autoimmune disorder
characterized by persistent joint inflammation and damage. While modern regenerative …