As long-term pool feeders, ticks have developed myriad strategies to remain discreetly but
solidly attached to their hosts for the duration of their blood meal. The critical biological …

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) is a bacterial species complex that includes the
etiological agents of the most frequently reported vector-borne disease in the Northern …

Beside mosquitoes, ticks are well-known vectors of different human pathogens. In the
Northern Hemisphere, Lyme borreliosis (Eurasia, LB) or Lyme disease (North America, LD) …

Wildlife vertebrate hosts are integral to enzootic cycles of tick-borne pathogens, and in some
cases have played key roles in the recent rise of ticks and tick-borne diseases in North …

Over recent years, a multitude of pathogens have been reported to be tick-borne. Given this,
it is unsurprising that these might co-exist within the same tick, however our understanding …

Background Rodents are considered to contribute strongly to the risk of tick-borne diseases
by feeding Ixodes ricinus larvae and by acting as amplifying hosts for pathogens. Here, we …

Simple Summary Borreliae are spirochaetes, which represent a heterogeneous phylum
within bacteria. Spirochaetes are indeed distinguished from other bacteria for their spiral …

Green spaces in the city are important for human wellbeing, but are also zones in which
humans can become infected with zoonotic diseases. Therefore, there is a need to …

Background Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne human disease and is caused
by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl.). Borrelia miyamotoi, a relapsing fever spirochaete, is …

Mutualistic interactions with microbes have facilitated the adaptation of major eukaryotic
lineages to restricted diet niches. Hence, ticks with their strictly blood‐feeding lifestyle are …