The immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has revolutionized the field of cancer
treatment, while low response rates and systemic toxicity limit its clinical outcomes. With the …

Surface modification of nanomaterials is essential for their biomedical applications owing to
their passive immune clearance and damage to reticuloendothelial systems. Recently, a cell …

Hypoxia, a common feature within many types of solid tumors, is known to be closely
associated with limited efficacy for cancer therapies, including radiotherapy (RT) in which …

Cell adhesion is essential in cell communication and regulation, and is of fundamental
importance in the development and maintenance of tissues. The mechanical interactions …

Significance: Recent clinical evidence identified anemia to be correlated with severe
complications of cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as bleeding, thromboembolic events …

Abstract In 1972 the Fluid—Mosaic Membrane Model of membrane structure was proposed
based on thermodynamic principals of organization of membrane lipids and proteins and …

The ancestors of marine mammals once roamed the land and independently committed to
an aquatic lifestyle. These macroevolutionary transitions have intrigued scientists for …

Red Blood Cells (RBCs) need to deform and squeeze through narrow capillaries.
Decreased deformability of RBCs is, therefore, one of the factors that can contribute to the …

Red blood cells (RBCs) constitute a unique drug delivery system as a biologic or hybrid
carrier capable of greatly enhancing pharmacokinetics, altering pharmacodynamics (for …

The red cell membrane skeleton is a pseudohexagonal meshwork of spectrin, actin, protein
4.1 R, ankyrin, and actin-associated proteins that laminates the inner membrane surface and …