Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic renal dysfunction syndrome that is characterized
by nephron loss, inflammation, myofibroblasts activation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) …

Albuminuria is the hallmark of both primary and secondary proteinuric glomerulopathies,
including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), obesity-related nephropathy, and …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a worldwide public health problem associated with
serious complications and increased mortality rates. Accumulating evidence indicates that …

Diabetes adversely affects multiple organs, including the kidney, eye and nerve, leading to
diabetic kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy, respectively. In both …

Nitric oxide (NO), generated from L-arginine and oxygen by NO synthases, is a pleiotropic
signaling molecule involved in cardiovascular and metabolic regulation. More recently, an …

Inhibitors of proximal tubular Na+-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) are natriuretic, and they
lower blood pressure. There are reports that the activities of SGLT2 and Na+-H+ exchanger …

Significance: Intrarenal oxidative stress plays a critical role in the initiation and progression
of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Enhanced oxidative stress results from overproduction of …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a high prevalence in the general population and is
associated with high mortality; a need therefore exists for better biomarkers for diagnosis …

Background Globally, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal
disease. As the most common microvascular complication of diabetes, DKD is a thorny …

Hypertension is a leading risk factor for disease burden worldwide. The kidneys, which have
a high specific metabolic rate, play an essential role in the long-term regulation of arterial …