To address the dual need to examine the weaponization of social media and the nature of
non-Western propaganda, this article explores the use of Twitter bots in the Gulf crisis that …

Understanding Sectarianism successfully accomplishes its important purpose of replacing
the unhelpful term 'Sectarianism'with more restrictive and descriptive terms like 'sectarian …

Drawing on a qualitative analysis of 7,506 tweets by state-sponsored accounts from Russia's
GRU and the Internet Research Agency (IRA), Iran, and Venezuela, this article examines the …

Social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter were heralded circa 2009–2011 as
'liberation technology'that would facilitate mass mobilization against Middle Eastern …

Saudi Arabia has one of the highest rates of Twitter penetration in the world. Despite high
levels of repression, the platform is frequently used to discuss political topics. Recent …

A decade after commentators hailed social media as “liberation technology,” researchers,
analysts, and journalists are now likelier to emphasize the “dark side” of social media as …

Much academic and media attention has been focussed on states' development of powerful
surveillance capabilities to police the online space in recent years. In authoritarian contexts …

A decade after commentators hailed social media as “liberation technology,” researchers,
analysts, and journalists are now likelier to emphasize the “dark side” of social media as …

With the development of ICT (information communication technology), its influence in politics
are very disputable. According to conventional perspectives on technological innovation …

Revolutions seldom involve more than one percent of the population. However, in Bahrain, a
small island nation with a population of around 570,000, twenty percent of the population …