Astrocytes play a critical role in the regulation of brain metabolic responses to activity. One
detailed mechanism proposed to describe the role of astrocytes in some of these responses …

Our knowledge of the form of lateralized sleep behavior, known as unihemispheric slow
wave sleep (USWS), seen in all members of the order Cetacea examined to date, is …

Cannabinoids and opioids are widely consumed drugs of abuse that produce motor
depression, in part via respective activation of the cannabinoid subtype 1 receptor (CB1R) …

HIV can invade cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and cause progressive combined
cognitive and motor impairment in infected individuals. The cellular basis and mechanisms …

Microglial cells rapidly become activated in response to even minor damage of neurons,
suggestive of the intimate interactions between neurons and microglial cells. Although …

Ketone bodies can replace glucose as the major source of brain energy when glucose
becomes scarce. Although it is generally assumed that the liver supplies extrahepatic …

The effects of cannabinoids on metabolic pathways and signal transduction systems were
studied in primary cultures of rat astrocytes. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major …

Ketone bodies make an important contribution to brain energy production and biosynthetic
processes when glucose becomes scarce. Although it is generally assumed that the liver …

Classic physiology divides all neural cells into excitable neurons and nonexcitable
neuroglia. Neuroglial cells, chiefly responsible for homeostasis and defense of the nervous …

Astroglial aerobic glycolysis, a process during which d-glucose is converted to l-lactate, a
brain fuel and signal, is regulated by the plasmalemmal receptors, including adrenergic …