The blood-brain barrier (BBB), constituted by an extensive network of endothelial cells (ECs)
together with neurons and glial cells, including microglia, forms the neurovascular unit …

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes the primary reason for mortality and
morbidity in persons worldwide below 45 years of age. 1.7 million Traumatic events occur …

The knowledge of the pathophysiology after traumatic head injury is necessary for adequate
and patient-oriented treatment. As the primary insult, which represents the direct mechanical …

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) affects a large proportion and extensive array of individuals in
the population. While precise pathological mechanisms are lacking, the growing base of …

Astrocytes respond to traumatic brain injury (TBI) by altered gene expression, hypertrophy
and proliferation that occur in a gradated fashion in relation to the severity of the injury. Both …

The incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the United States was 3.5 million cases in
2009, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It is a contributing factor …

Post-injury epilepsy (PIE) is a common complication following brain insults, including
ischemic, and traumatic brain injuries. At present, there are no means to identify the patients …

Molecular oxygen (O2) is a vital element in human survival and plays a major role in a
diverse range of biological and physiological processes. Although normobaric hyperoxia …

Importance Combined oxygen 15–labeled positron emission tomography (15 O PET) and
brain tissue oximetry have demonstrated increased oxygen diffusion gradients in hypoxic …

Objective: To determine whether hyperventilation exacerbates cerebral ischemia and
compromises oxygen metabolism (CMRO 2) following closed head injury. Design: A …