Simple Summary A large number of studies report that medicinal herbs and many food
ingredients protect against the development of liver disease because they possess …

Autophagy, an intracellular conserved degradative process, plays a central role in the
renewal/recycling of a cell to maintain the homeostasis of nutrients and energy within the …

Arsenic (As) is a well-known pollutant in the environment, whose contamination in
groundwater is a serious threat to animals and humans. Ferroptosis, a form of cell death …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis with no effective therapy.
Subchondral bone and overlying articular cartilage are closely associated and function as …

Abstract Aims Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), choline and betaine serum levels have been
associated with metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty …

Abstract Purpose of Review Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most
common causes of chronic liver disease with rising prevalence worldwide. Herein, we …

Betaine is a kind of water-soluble quaternary amine-type alkaloid widely existing in food,
such as wheat germ, beet, spinach, shrimp and wolfberry. As an important methyl donor and …

Osmolytes are naturally occurring small molecular weight organic molecules, which are
accumulated in large amounts in all life forms to maintain the stability of cellular proteins and …

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), encompasses a range of liver conditions from …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition that is prevalent in patients
who consume little or no alcohol, and is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the …