Early adolescent substance use dramatically increases the risk of lifelong substance use
disorder (SUD). An adolescent sensitive period evolved to allow the development of risk …

Adolescence encompasses a sensitive developmental period of enhanced clinical
vulnerability to nicotine, tobacco, and e‐cigarettes. While there are sociocultural influences …

Adolescence is a time of major plasticity of brain systems that regulate motivated behavior
and cognition, and is also the age of peak onset of nicotine use. Although there has been a …

It has long been hypothesized that conditioning mechanisms play major roles in addiction.
Specifically, the associations between rewarding properties of drugs of abuse and the drug …

Developmental periods such as gestation and adolescence have enhanced plasticity
leaving the brain vulnerable to harmful effects from nicotine use. Proper brain maturation …

Conditioned place preference (CPP) continues to be one of the most popular models to
study the motivational effects of drugs and non‐drug treatments in experimental animals …

Rationale This review provides insight for the judicious selection of nicotine dose ranges
and routes of administration for in vivo studies. The literature is replete with reports in which …

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) regulate critical aspects of brain maturation
during the prenatal, early postnatal, and adolescent periods. During these developmental …

Adolescence is a period of increased behavioral and psychiatric vulnerabilities. It is also a
time of dramatic structural and functional neurodevelopment. In recent years studies have …

Adolescence is an evolutionarily conserved developmental phase characterized by
hormonal, physiological, neural and behavioral alterations evident widely across …