Pain medication plays an important role in the treatment of acute and chronic pain
conditions, but some drugs, opioids in particular, have been overprescribed or prescribed …

Chronic, pathological pain remains a global health problem and a challenge to basic and
clinical sciences. A major obstacle to preventing, treating, or reverting chronic pain has been …

The specific neural systems underlying the subjective feeling of fear are debated in affective
neuroscience. Here, we combine functional MRI with machine learning to identify and …

The brain and behavior are under energetic constraints, limited by mitochondrial energy
transformation capacity. However, the mitochondria-behavior relationship has not been …

Fear and anxiety play a central role in mammalian life, and there is considerable interest in
clarifying their nature, identifying their biological underpinnings, and determining their …

Neuroscientists often describe neural activity as a representation of something, or claim to
have found evidence for a neural representation, but there is considerable ambiguity about …

Brain functional networks have been traditionally studied considering only interactions
between pairs of regions, neglecting the richer information encoded in higher orders of …

Craving is a core feature of substance use disorders. It is a strong predictor of substance use
and relapse and is linked to overeating, gambling, and other maladaptive behaviors …

Pain is a subjective sensory experience that can, mostly, be reported but cannot be directly
measured or quantified. Nevertheless, a suite of biomarkers related to mechanisms, neural …

Network analytical tools are increasingly being applied to brain imaging maps of resting
metabolic activity (PET) or blood oxygenation-dependent signals (functional MRI) to …