In this review, we are pitting two theories against each other: the more accepted theory, the
number sense theory, suggesting that a sense of number is innate and non-symbolic …

The ability to use quantitative information is thought to be adaptive in a wide range of
ecological contexts. For nearly a century, the numerical abilities of mammals and birds have …

Highlights•We compared male and female guppies' performance in two spatial tasks.•The
two sexes showed similar ability to navigate around an obstacle in a detour task.•Males …

The medaka, Oryzias latipes, is rapidly growing in importance as a model in behavioural
research. However, our knowledge of its behaviour is still incomplete. In this study, we …

An ability to estimate quantities, such as the number of conspecifics or the size of a predator,
has been reported in vertebrates. Fish, in particular zebrafish, may be instrumental in …

The ability to utilize numerical information can be adaptive in a number of ecological
contexts including foraging, mating, parental care, and anti-predator strategies. Numerical …

Highlights•Sociability can vary greatly between species, populations and even individuals.•
Quantifying the attraction to a shoal is often used to measure sociability.•The mirror test is …

Abstract Aquatic animals ingest Microplastics (MPs) which have the potential to affect the
uptake and bioavailability of sorbed co-contaminants. However, the effects on living …

The numerical understanding of cichlids and stingrays was examined regarding addition
and subtraction abilities within the number space of one to five. Experiments were …

Animals including humans, fish and honeybees have demonstrated a quantity discrimination
threshold at four objects, often known as subitizing elements. Discrimination between …