In the last two decades, we have focused on establishing a reliable technique for focal
stimulation of vestibular receptors to evaluate neural connectivity. Here, we summarize the …

Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) are short-latency muscle reflexes typically
recorded from the neck or eye muscles with surface electrodes. They are used clinically to …

Connections from the otolithic organs to sternocleidomastoid (SCM) motoneurons were
studied in 20 decerebrate cats. The electrical stimulation was selective for the saccular or …

Uchino, Y., H. Sato, M. Sasaki, M. Imagawa, H. Ikegami, N. Isu, and W. Graf. Sacculocollic
reflex arcs in cats. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 3003–3012, 1997. Neuronal connections and …

Spatiotemporal convergence and two-dimensional (2-D) neural tuning have been proposed
as a major neural mechanism in the signal processing of linear acceleration. To examine …

Sensory signal convergence is a fundamental and important aspect of brain function. Such
convergence may often involve complex multidimensional interactions as those proposed …

The otolith system contributes to the vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VOR) when the head moves
linearly in the horizontal plane or tilts relative to gravity. The saccules are thought to detect …

The purpose of this review is to assess the role of short-latency pathways in the
vestibulocollic reflex (VCR). First the current knowledge about the disynaptic and trisynaptic …

In this review, based primarily on work from our laboratory, but related to previous studies,
we summarize what is known about the convergence of vestibular afferent inputs onto single …

It has been tacitly assumed that a long descending motor tract axon consists of a private line
connecting the cell of origin to a single muscle, as a motoneuron innervates a single muscle …