Nucleic acid vaccines are a method of immunization aiming to elicit immune responses akin
to live attenuated vaccines. In this method, DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences are …

Two decades ago successful transfection of antigen presenting cells (APC) in vivo was
demonstrated which resulted in the induction of primary adaptive immune responses. Due to …

This article provides a brief overview of DNA vaccines. First, the basic DNA vaccine design
strategies are described, then specific issues related to the industrial production of DNA …

In the two decades since their initial discovery, DNA vaccines technologies have come a
long way. Unfortunately, when applied to human subjects inadequate immunogenicity is still …

DNA vaccines have evolved greatly over the last 20 years since their invention, but have yet
to become a competitive alternative to conventional protein or carbohydrate based human …

In recent years, DNA vaccines have undergone a number of technological advancements
that have incited renewed interest and heightened promise in the field. Two such …

DNA vaccination has been of great interest since its discovery in the 1990s due to its ability
to elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses. DNA vaccines consist of a DNA …

Vaccination is one of the most successful immunology applications that has considerably
improved human health. The DNA vaccine is a new vaccine being developed since the early …

Poor immunogenicity remains the single biggest obstacle to human DNA vaccines achieving
their potential. Strategies to improve DNA vaccine efficacy include codon optimization …

The field of DNA vaccine development began over 16 years ago with the observation that
plasmid DNA could be injected into and expressed in vivo and drive adaptive immune …