Global vegetation and land‐surface models embody interdisciplinary scientific
understanding of the behaviour of plants and ecosystems, and are indispensable to project …

Land surface models have an increasing scope. Initially designed to capture the feedbacks
between the land and the atmosphere as part of weather and climate prediction, they are …

Short‑lived climate forcers (SLCFs) affect climate and are, in most cases, also air pollutants.
They include aerosols (sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, carbonaceous aerosols, mineral dust …

Dry deposition of ozone is an important sink of ozone in near‐surface air. When dry
deposition occurs through plant stomata, ozone can injure the plant, altering water and …

Tropospheric concentrations of phytotoxic ozone (O3) have undergone a great increase
from preindustrial 10–15 ppbv to a present-day concentration of 35–40 ppbv in large parts of …

Here we present a description of the UKCA StratTrop chemical mechanism, which is used in
the UKESM1 Earth system model for CMIP6. The StratTrop chemical mechanism is a merger …

Human activities result in a wide array of pollutants being released to the atmosphere. A
number of these pollutants have direct effects on plants, including carbon dioxide (CO 2) …

Knowledge of how water stress impacts the carbon and water cycles is a key uncertainty in
terrestrial biosphere models. We tested a new profit maximization model, where …

Surface ozone damages photosynthesis and reduces the ability of land ecosystems to
assimilate carbon from the atmosphere thereby further increasing global warming,. Ozone is …

Climate change is mainly driven by the accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the
atmosphere in the last century. Plant growth is constantly challenged by environmental …