The potential role of Hox genes during vertebrate limb development was brought into focus
by gene expression analyses in mice (P Dolle, JC Izpisua-Belmonte, H Falkenstein, A …

Lungfishes are the closest extant relatives of tetrapods and preserve ancestral traits linked
with the water-to-land transition. However, their huge genome sizes have hindered …

Homology—a similar trait shared by different species and derived from common ancestry,
such as a seal's fin and a bird's wing—is one of the most fundamental yet challenging …

The traditional notion of a gap between fishes and amphibians has been closed by a wealth
of fish-like fossil tetrapods, many discovered since the mid 1980s. This review summarizes …

Wrists, ankles and digits distinguish tetrapod limbs from fins, but direct evidence on the
origin of these features has been unavailable. Here we describe the pectoral appendage of …

During development, expression of the Hoxa and Hoxd genes in zebrafish fins and mouse
limbs are regulated via a conserved chromatin structure. However, zebrafish lack certain …

The Hox gene complement of zebrafish, medaka, and fugu differs from that of other
gnathostome vertebrates. These fishes have seven to eight Hox clusters compared to the …

Comparative analyses of Hox gene expression and regulation in teleost fish and tetrapods
support the long-entrenched notion that the distal region of tetrapod limbs, containing the …

In the emerging discipline of Evo-Devo, the analysis of gene expression patterns can be
deceptive without a clear understanding of the underlying regulatory strategies. Here, we …

During development of the limbs, Hox genes belonging to the paralogous groups 9–13 are
expressed in three distinct phases, which play key roles in the segmental patterning of limb …