The vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs) play crucial
roles in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is an important mechanism in …

During carcinogenesis, advanced tumors are surrounded by both stromal and immune cells,
which support tumor development. In addition, inflammation and angiogenesis are …

Understanding protein function and developing molecular therapies require deciphering the
cell types in which proteins act as well as the interactions between proteins. However …

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a key mediator of angiogenesis, signalling
via the class IV tyrosine kinase receptor family of VEGF Receptors (VEGFRs). Although …

The intestinal extracellular matrix (ECM) represents a complex network of proteins that not
only forms a support structure for resident cells but also interacts closely with them by …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with rising incidence.
Diseased tissues are heavily vascularized. Surprisingly, the pathogenic impact of the …

Stem cell-derived exosomes are efficient and safe therapeutic tools for transferring
endogenous biological cargo or functional biomolecules for regenerative medicine. The …

Chronic inflammation is often associated with the development of tissue fibrosis, but how
mesenchymal cell responses dictate pathological fibrosis versus resolution and healing …

Macrophages are primarily known as phagocytic innate immune cells, but are, in fact, highly
dynamic multi-taskers that interact with many different tissue types and have regulatory roles …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) consist of a group of chronic inflammatory disorders
with a complex etiology, which represent a clinical challenge due to their often therapy …