Adverse effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: the spike hypothesis

IP Trougakos, E Terpos, H Alexopoulos… - Trends in Molecular …, 2022 - cell.com
Vaccination is a major tool for mitigating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
pandemic, and mRNA vaccines are central to the ongoing vaccination campaign that is …

Innate immune evasion strategies of SARS-CoV-2

JM Minkoff, B tenOever - Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2023 - nature.com
Abstract SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has been
associated with substantial global morbidity and mortality. Despite a tropism that is largely …

SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 subunit induces neuroinflammatory, microglial and behavioral sickness responses: Evidence of PAMP-like properties

MG Frank, KH Nguyen, JB Ball, S Hopkins… - Brain, behavior, and …, 2022 - Elsevier
SARS-CoV-2 infection produces neuroinflammation as well as neurological, cognitive (ie,
brain fog), and neuropsychiatric symptoms (eg, depression, anxiety), which can persist for …

SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein induces TLR4-mediated long-term cognitive dysfunction recapitulating post-COVID-19 syndrome in mice

FL Fontes-Dantas, GG Fernandes, EG Gutman… - Cell reports, 2023 - cell.com
Cognitive dysfunction is often reported in patients with post-coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) syndrome, but its underlying mechanisms are not completely understood …

[HTML][HTML] 'Spikeopathy': COVID-19 spike protein is pathogenic, from both virus and vaccine mRNA

PI Parry, A Lefringhausen, C Turni, CJ Neil, R Cosford… - Biomedicines, 2023 - mdpi.com
The COVID-19 pandemic caused much illness, many deaths, and profound disruption to
society. The production of 'safe and effective'vaccines was a key public health target. Sadly …

The COVID-19 pandemic and Alzheimer's disease: mutual risks and mechanisms

F Chen, Y Chen, Y Wang, Q Ke, L Cui - Translational neurodegeneration, 2022 - Springer
Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a life-threatening disease, especially …

Inflammation at the crossroads of COVID-19, cognitive deficits and depression

NML e Silva, FGQ Barros-Aragão, FG De Felice… - …, 2022 - Elsevier
Acute neurological alterations have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Additionally, it is becoming clear that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors may …

Role of SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein-induced activation of microglia and mast cells in the pathogenesis of neuro-COVID

TC Theoharides, D Kempuraj - Cells, 2023 - mdpi.com
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19). About 45% of COVID-19 patients experience several symptoms a …

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces cognitive deficit and anxiety-like behavior in mouse via non-cell autonomous hippocampal neuronal death

J Oh, WH Cho, E Barcelon, KH Kim, J Hong, SJ Lee - Scientific reports, 2022 - nature.com
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is accompanied
by chronic neurological sequelae such as cognitive decline and mood disorder, but the …

The SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein promotes MAPK and NF-kB activation in human lung cells and inflammatory cytokine production in human lung and intestinal …

CB Forsyth, L Zhang, A Bhushan, B Swanson, L Zhang… - Microorganisms, 2022 - mdpi.com
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began in January 2020 in Wuhan,
China, with a new coronavirus designated SARS-CoV-2. The principal cause of death from …