The intricate and complex features of enzymatic reaction networks (ERNs) play a key role in
the emergence and sustenance of life. Constructing such networks in vitro enables stepwise …

Autonomous micro/nanorobots capable of performing programmed missions are at the
forefront of next-generation micromachinery. These small robotic systems are predominantly …

In the presence of appropriate substrates, surface-anchored enzymes can act as pumps and
propel fluid through microchambers. Understanding the dynamic interplay between catalytic …

The field of robotics is emerging quickly, and the miniaturization of robots to the nanoscale
has opened up new possibilities for healthcare. Swarm nanorobotics, as a research area …

Autonomous nanorobots represent an advanced tool for precision therapy to improve
therapeutic efficacy. However, current nanorobotic designs primarily rely on inorganic …

Enzymatic nanomotors harvest kinetic energy through the catalysis of chemical fuels. When
a drop containing nanomotors is placed in a fuel-rich environment, they assemble into …

Biological barriers present a significant obstacle to treatment, especially when drugs are
administered locally to increase their concentrations at the target site while minimizing …

Multifunctional nanoagents are robust to remodel environments for managing chronic
diabetic wounds. However, their delivery primarily relies on Brownian motion and randomly …

Swarm behaviors are common in nature, where individual organisms collaborate via
perception, communication, and adaptation. Emulating these dynamics, large groups of …

Nanotheranostics, which integrate diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities, offer significant
potential for tumor treatment. However, current nanotheranostic systems typically involve …