Macrophages are influential members of the innate immune system that can be reversibly
polarized by different microenvironment signals. Cell polarization leads to a wide range of …

Exosomes are small nanosized biovesicles that form when multivesicular bodies and the
plasma membrane fuse and are released into the surrounding body fluids. They are best …

Inflammation is a beneficial and physiological process, but there are a number of
inflammatory diseases which have detrimental effects on the body. In addition, the drugs …

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and cancer incidence and mortality are
rapidly growing. These massive amounts of cancer patients require rapid diagnosis and …

Brain tumors are one of the most mortal cancers, leading to many deaths among kids and
adults. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are available options for brain tumor …

Exosomes, as therapeutically relevant cell-secreted extracellular vesicles, have attracted
enormous interest because they participate in intercellular communication and facilitate …

In recent years, there has been an increase in deaths due to infectious diseases, most
notably in the context of viral respiratory pathogens. Consequently, the focus has shifted in …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disorder that causes systemic
inflammation, autoimmunity, and joint abnormalities that result in permanent disability …

Mastitis is considered the costliest disease on dairy farms and also adversely affects animal
welfare. As treatment (and to a lesser extent prevention) of mastitis rely heavily on …

Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women, with an estimated 12% of
women in the United States affected during their lifetime. Researchers have demonstrated …