Plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels are elevated in obesity. FFAs cause insulin resistance in
all major insulin target organs (skeletal muscle, liver, endothelial cells) and have emerged …

In patients with diabetes, an increased risk of symptomatic heart failure usually develops in
the presence of hypertension or ischemic heart disease. However, a predisposition to heart …

The existence of an independent association between elevated triglyceride (TG) levels,
cardiovascular (CV) risk and mortality has been largely controversial. The main difficulty in …

Background/Aims: Systemic hyperlipidemia and intracellular lipid accumulation induced by
chronic high fat diet (HFD) leads to enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and ketogenesis …

The metabolic syndrome affects more than a third of the US population, predisposing to the
development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The 2009 consensus statement …

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes. 1 Although advances
in medical management and lifestyle interventions have reduced cardiovascular mortality in …

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing. This is strongly related to the
contemporary lifestyle changes that have resulted in increased rates of overweight …

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone-
receptor superfamily. Originally cloned in 1990, PPARs were found to be mediators of …

OBJECTIVE. Myocardial 18F-FDG uptake in PET scans in patients prepared by the usual
fasting protocol may result in difficulties in interpretation because variable uptake may yield …

FOXO1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) are crucial transcription
factors that regulate glucose metabolism and insulin responsiveness in insulin target …