Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, also referred to
as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, is a distinct, potentially life-threatening adverse …

Immune reactions to small molecular compounds, such as drugs, can cause a variety of
diseases involving the skin, liver, kidney, and lungs. In many drug hypersensitivity reactions …

Idiosyncratic drug reactions are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for patients;
they also markedly increase the uncertainty of drug development. The major targets are skin …

Immune-mediated (IM) adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are an underrecognized source of
preventable morbidity, mortality, and cost. Increasingly, genetic variation in the HLA loci is …

Noncovalent drug presentation leads to the stimulation of immune cells, namely T-cells. The
drug needs two surface molecules (one inert serving as a scaffold, major histocompatibility …

Although idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions are rare, they are still a major concern to
patient safety. Reactive metabolites are widely accepted as playing a pivotal role in the …

Clinical characteristics and circumstantial evidence suggest that idiosyncratic drug reactions
are caused by reactive metabolites and are immune-mediated; however, there are few …

Immunologically mediated drug reactions have been traditionally classified as unpredictable
based on the fact that they cannot be predicted strictly on the pharmacological action of the …

Drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions have been explained by the hapten concept,
according to which a small chemical compound is too small to be recognized by the immune …

Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), also called drug rash with eosinophilia and
systemic symptoms (DRESS), is a severe reaction usually characterized by fever, rash, and …