The past decade has witnessed the emergence of new measurement approaches and
applications for chiral thin films and materials enabled by the observations of the high …

The planarity of the polyene chain of the retinal chromophore in bacteriorhodopsin is studied
using molecular dynamics simulation techniques and applying different force-field …

The effect of the methyl substitutions at different carbon atoms of the polyene chain of the
retinal Schiff base has been studied on the structure, charge distribution, and proton affinity …

In recent years, structural information about bacteriorhodopsin has grown substantially with
the publication of several crystal structures. However, precise measurements of the …

The barriers to the rotation of all conventional single and double bonds have been
calculated in a model Schiff base which is structurally very close to the retinal Schiff base …

Monomolecular films of the membrane protein rhodopsin have been investigated in situ at
the air− water interface by polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption …

The field of nonlinear optics has witnessed a rapid growth into biology within the last
decade, driven largely by the observations of large nonlinear optical signals from native …

An ellipsometric approach is described for interpreting polarization information in surface
second harmonic generation (SHG). The general applicability of nonlinear optical …

We experimentally investigated second harmonic generation from an oriented multilayer film
of bacteriorhodopsin protein, deposited onto a charged surface. The generated signal is …

The previously reported β values of BR and retinal based chromophores were very high but
subsequent measurements found them to be much less. We have found that the β values of …