Cannabidiol (CBD) is an abundant non‐psychoactive phytocannabinoid in cannabis
extracts which has high affinity on a series of receptors, including Type 1 cannabinoid …

Objective: Biomarkers are defined as anatomical, biochemical or physiological traits that are
specific to certain disorders or syndromes. The objective of this paper is to summarise the …

Norepinephrine (NE) is a key biogenic monoamine neurotransmitter involved in a wide
range of physiological processes. However, its precise dynamics and regulation remain …

Copper is an important trace element that is required for essential enzymes. However, due
to its redox activity, copper can also lead to the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species …

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental health conditions. Although they are less
visible than schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder, they can be just as disabling …

Conopeptides are a diverse group of recently evolved venom peptides used for prey capture
and/or defense. Each species of cone snails produces in excess of 1000 conopeptides, with …

In this review we propose that there are sex differences in how men and women enter onto
the path that can lead to addiction. Males are more likely than females to engage in risky …

Human behavior can be organized around two fundamental motivational principles: the
desire to approach positive outcomes and the desire to avoid negative outcomes. Both …

A functional interplay of bottom‐up and top‐down processing allows an individual to
appropriately respond to the dynamic environment around them. These processing …

The use of synthetic methcathinones, components of “bath salts,” is a world-wide health
concern. These compounds, structurally similar to methamphetamine (METH) and 3, 4 …