Adult rats emit two categories of ultrasonic vocalizations, 22kHz calls and 50kHz calls.
These vocalizations communicate animal's emotional state to other members of the social …

Rodents emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) to communicate the presence of positive or
negative emotional states and to coordinate social interactions. On this basis, USVs are …

Previous studies demonstrate that intrastriatal injections of fibrillar alpha-synuclein (α-syn)
into mice induce Parkinson's disease (PD)-like Lewy body (LB) pathology formed by …

Rationale 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) emitted by adult rats are heterogeneous;
they occur over a wide frequency range, show varying degrees of frequency modulation …

Mice and rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), which may express their arousal and
emotional states, to communicate with each other. There is continued scientific effort to …

Animal models have been invaluable to Parkinson's disease (PD) research. Of these,
neurotoxin models have historically been the most widely utilized. The goal of this chapter is …

Pharmacological studies of emotional arousal and initiation of emotional states in rats
measured by their ultrasonic vocalizations are reviewed. It is postulated that emission of …

Vocal production requires complex planning and coordination of respiratory, laryngeal, and
vocal tract movements, which are incompletely understood in most mammals. Rats produce …

Emerging evidence suggests voice dysfunction is the earliest sign of motor impairment in
Parkinson's disease (PD). The complexity and fine motor control involved in vocalization …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that leads to a wide
range of motor and nonmotor deficits. Specifically, voice and swallow deficits manifest early …