Fish immunization has been carried out for over 50 years and is generally accepted as an
effective method for preventing a wide range of bacterial and viral diseases. Vaccination …

Over the past decade, aquaculture has grown at an average annual growth rate of
approximately 6% worldwide despite many challenges. Viral diseases are one of the major …

Aquaculture has undergone rapid development in the past decades. It provides a large part
of high-quality protein food for humans, and thus, a sustainable aquaculture industry is of …

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) infects salmonid fish with high mortality and
causes serious economic losses to salmonid aquaculture. Lactobacillus strains have a …

Vaccine efficacy in aquaculture has for a long time depended on evaluating relative percent
survival and antibody responses after vaccination. However, current advances in vaccine …

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) infects wild and cultured salmonids, causing high
mortality in juvenile trouts and salmons. IPNV VP2–VP3 fusion gene was constructed by …

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), belonging to the genus Aquabirnavirus within
the family Birnaviridae, causes huge economic loss to the global salmonid industry every …

In most breeding schemes, fish are cultured in enclosed spaces, which greatly increases the
risk of outbreaks where the onset of infectious diseases can cause massive mortality and …

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus
(IPNV) are important pathogens of salmon and trout. An active bivalent DNA vaccine was …

Acquired immunity plays an important role in the protection of salmonids vaccinated against
infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) infections. In recent years, vaccine research has …