Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) is produced through the proteolytic processing of a
transmembrane protein, amyloid precursor protein (APP), by β-and γ-secretases. Aβ …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) will affect one out of every five people in their lifetime and
is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Nevertheless, mechanisms associated with the …

Injury of oligodendrocytes (OLs) induces demyelination, and patients with
neurodegenerative diseases exhibit demyelination concomitantly with neurological deficit …

It was recently discovered that brain cells release extracellular vesicles (EV) which can pass
from brain into blood. These findings raise the possibility that brain-derived EV's present in …

MicroRNAs constitute a large family of small, approximately 21-nucleotide-long, non-coding
RNAs that have emerged as key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most prevalent central nervous system (CNS) movement
disorder and the second most common neurodegenerative disease overall. PD is …

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat
expansion in the gene encoding for huntingtin protein. A lot has been learned about this …

Gene profiling techniques allow the assay of transcripts from organs, tissues, and cells with
an unprecedented level of coverage. However, most of these approaches are still limited by …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates the survival and growth of neurons, and
influences synaptic efficiency and plasticity. The human BDNF gene consists of 11 exons …

Abstract Changes in the patterns of gene expression are widely believed to underlie many of
the phenotypic differences within and between species. Although much emphasis has been …