The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has been a subject of increasing importance for
medium/high-power energy conversion systems. Over the past few years, significant …

In this paper, the principle of modularity is used to derive the different multilevel voltage and
current source converter topologies. The paper is primarily focused on high-power …

Cascaded-bridge converters (CBCs) and modular multilevel converters (MMCs) enjoy
growing popularity mostly due to modularity and scalability. Conventionally, their …

Multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) grids provide the possibility of meshed interconnections
between regional power systems and various renewable energy resources to boost supply …

This paper presents a hybrid modular multilevel converter (MMC), which combines full-
bridge submodules (FBSM) and half-bridge submodules (HBSM). Compared with the FBSM …

It is expected that in the near future the use of high-voltage dc (HVDC) transmission and
medium-voltage dc (MVDC) distribution technology will expand. This development is driven …

This paper studies different circulating current references for the modular multilevel
converter. The circulating current references are obtained from the instantaneous values of …

In the future, new aspects from decentralized generation using different dc voltage levels are
expected to influence the general concept of power exchange. Converter are needed to …

DC fault protection is one challenge impeding the development of multiterminal dc grids.
The absence of manufacturing and operational standards has led to many point-to-point …

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is attractive for medium-or high-power applications
because of the advantages of its high modularity, availability, and high power quality …