Online toxic discourses could result in conflicts between groups or harm to online
communities. Hate speech is complex and multifaceted harmful or offensive content …

The identification of Hate Speech in Social Media is of great importance and receives much
attention in the text classification community. There is a huge demand for research for …

This paper is a contribution to the Hate Speech and Offensive Content Identification in Indo-
European Languages (HASOC) 2021 shared task. Social media today is a hotbed of toxic …

Social media platforms serve as accessible outlets for individuals to express their thoughts
and experiences, resulting in an influx of user-generated data spanning all age groups …

Social media has become a platform for expressing opinions and emotions, but some
people also use it to spread hate, targeting individuals, groups, communities, or countries …

Fake news spreading through social media has become a serious problem in recent years,
especially after the United States presidential election in 2016. Accordingly, more attention …

Social media have been growing rapidly during past years. They changed different aspects
of human life, especially how people communicate and also how people access information …

The detection of hate speech online has become an important task, as offensive language
such as hurtful, obscene and insulting content can harm marginalized people or groups …

Hate speech is any act of provoking or insulting another person or group based on their
ethnicity, religion, race, gender, sexual orientation, physical ability, or other characteristics …

The social media platform is widespread among users to share information, opinion, and
comments. Hate speech harms society, so its detection is crucial. The HASOC (Hate Speech …