Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are complex sugars which are found in breast milk at
significant concentrations and with unique structural diversity. These sugars are the fourth …

At present, the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains unclear.
Increasing evidence suggested that gut microbiota plays a critical role in gastrointestinal …

Disrupted development of the gut microbiota is a contributing cause of childhood
malnutrition. Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis is a prominent early colonizer of …

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic immune-mediated disease with a subclinical
prodromal period, characterized by selective loss of insulin-producing-β cells in the …

The immune system of the infant is functionally immature and naïve. Human milk contains
bioactive proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates that protect the newborn and stimulate innate …

The intestinal microbiota is an important contributor to the health of preterm infants, and may
be destabilized by a number of environmental factors and treatment modalities. How to …

Over half of all children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have gastrointestinal (GI) co-
morbidities including chronic constipation, diarrhea, and irritable bowel syndrome. The …

The mammalian intestine harbors a community of trillions of microbes, collectively known as
the gut microbiota, which coevolved with the host in a mutually beneficial relationship …

In addition to providing complete postnatal nutrition, breast milk is a complex biofluid that
delivers bioactive components for the growth and development of the intestinal and immune …

A number of bacterial species are found in high abundance in the faeces of healthy breast-
fed infants, an occurrence that is understood to be, at least in part, due to the ability of these …