Commons—resources used or governed by groups of heterogeneous users through agreed-
upon institutional arrangements—are the subject of one of the more successful research …

Proposals to downsize the human population or protect large areas of the planet imply that
biodiversity conservation is possible only when humans are excluded, but effective …

Since the 19th century, the study of shell middens has played an important role in
archaeological research. Shell midden and broader coastal archaeology have transformed …

Marine bivalves are important components of ecosystems and exploited by humans for food
across the world, but the intrinsic vulnerability of exploited bivalve species to global changes …

Understanding the long-term effects of ongoing global environmental change on marine
ecosystems requires a cross-disciplinary approach. Deep-time and recent fossil records can …

Oyster reef loss represents one of the most dramatic declines of a foundation species
worldwide. Oysters provide valuable ecosystem services (ES), including habitat …

Aquaculture is the world's fastest growing food sector and accounts for more than 50% of the
world's fish food supply. The significant growth in global aquaculture since the middle of the …

Reef‐forming species form integral aspects of coastal ecosystems, but are rapidly degrading
world‐wide. To mitigate these declines, nature managers increasingly rely on the restoration …

The concept of the 'shifting baseline syndrome'has assisted researchers in understanding
how expectations for the health of the environment deteriorate, despite known, often …

Reference conditions are necessary to assess the conservation status of species,
understand their declines, and manage their recovery. Historical documents offer large …