The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is an assembly of
protein subcomplexes (ESCRT I-III) that cooperate with the ATPase VPS4 to mediate …

The narrow membrane necks formed during viral, exosomal and intra-endosomal budding
from membranes, as well as during cytokinesis and related processes, have interiors that …

Chitin, the most abundant aminopolysaccharide in nature, is an extracellular polymer
consisting of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) units. The key reactions of chitin biosynthesis …

A defining property of retroviruses is their ability to assemble into particles that can leave
producer cells and spread infection to susceptible cells and hosts. Virion morphogenesis …

Eukaryotic cells have been confronted throughout their evolution with potentially lethal
plasma membrane injuries, including those caused by osmotic stress, by infection from …

Introduction Plasma membrane damage can result from numerous threats, including
mechanical stress or biochemical agents such as pore-forming toxins. Different mechanisms …

Selective trafficking of membrane proteins to lysosomes for destruction is required for proper
cell signalling and metabolism. Ubiquitylation aids this process by specifying which proteins …

The endosomal sorting complex required for transport-III (ESCRT-III) catalyzes membrane
fission from within membrane necks, a process that is essential for many cellular functions …

The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) catalyse one of the most
unusual membrane remodelling events in cell biology. ESCRT-I and ESCRT-II direct …

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are unique organelles in the endocytic pathway that contain
vesicles in their lumen. Sorting and incorporation of material into such vesicles is a critical …