Background As global environmental change accelerates, biodiversity losses can disrupt
interspecific interactions. Extinctions of mutualist partners can create “widow” species, which …

Forests are critical habitats for biodiversity and they are also essential for the provision of a
wide range of ecosystem services that are important to human well-being. There is …

Seed dispersal sets the stage for the suite of biotic and abiotic interactions that determine
the fate of individual seeds. In this review, we first focus on how dispersal influences the …

Biodiversity is declining worldwide. Because species interact with one another and with their
environment, losses of particular organisms alter the function of ecosystems. Our …

Defaunation, the loss or population decline of medium and large native vertebrates
represents a significant threat to the biodiversity of tropical ecosystems. Here we review the …

Remnant habitat patches immersed within biofuel cropland matrices can retain considerable
species diversity, although the effects of land use change on species persistence in …

Primate seed dispersal plays crucial roles in many ecological processes at various levels of
biological organization: from plant population genetics and demography to community …

Reversing defaunation by trophic rewilding in empty forests Page 1 COMMENTARY Reversing
defaunation by trophic rewilding in empty forests Mauro Galetti1,2,6, Alexandra S. Pires3, Pedro …

Overhunting reduces important plant-animal interactions such as vertebrate seed dispersal
and seed predation, thereby altering plant regeneration and even above-ground biomass. It …

Planted forests are increasingly contributing wood products and other ecosystem services at
a global scale. These forests will be even more important as carbon markets develop and …