The majority of the world population is now inhabiting urban areas, and with staggering
population growth, urbanization is also increasing. While the work studying the effects of …

Urbanization drastically transforms landscapes, resulting in fragmentation, degradation, and
the loss of local biodiversity. Yet, urban environments also offer opportunities to observe …

Abnormal caudal regeneration, the production of additional tails through regeneration
events, occurs in lepidosaurs as a result of incomplete autotomy or sufficient caudal wound …

Studying animals in urban environments is especially challenging because much of the area
is private property not easily accessible to professional scientists. In addition, collecting data …

Highlights•Flight initiation distance in pigeons was lower in areas with higher
urbanization.•Pigeons allowed close approach in areas with increased human …

Growth and body size are influenced by the environment and each have consequences for
reproduction and, thus, fitness. Anthropogenically altered habitats (ie cities) create novel …

Human activity drastically transforms landscapes, generating novel habitats to which
species must adaptively respond. Consequently, urbanization is increasingly recognized as …

Understanding how novel environmental conditions presented by urbanization affect the
ecology and behavior of species is an important component of global change biology …

Nonlethal injury is a pervasive stress on individual animals that can affect large portions of a
population at any given time. Yet most studies examine snapshots of injury at a single place …

Behavioral adjustments may allow organisms to cope with the drastic environmental change
caused by urbanization. We compared the escape behavior of Anolis lizards during …