The large amount of light emitted from a light emitting diode (LED) being trapped inside the
semiconductor structure is the consequence of the large value of the refractive index. The …

Perovskite light-emitting diodes have recently broken the 20% barrier for external quantum
efficiency. These values cannot be explained with classical models for optical outcoupling …

We address the long-standing issue of extracting light as efficiently as possible from a high-
index material, n/spl ges/2, where as little as 2%-10% of light not suffering total internal …

Modification of dipole emission that is due to its optical environment is calculated for planar
layered structures. The layers are optically described by standard matrix techniques, and the …

In photonic crystals, electromagnetic waves can be confined in all three dimensions–leading
to very small mode volumes. A computational search has been made for the smallest …

Various infrared up-conversion techniques have been developed, driven by applications
including lasing, laser cooling, and infrared imaging. In this review article, we first present a …

Resonant-cavity light-emitting diodes (RCLED) are novel, high-efficiency light-emitting
diodes which employ optical microcavities. These diodes have higher intensities and higher …

In this paper we use an exact calculation of dipole emission modifications in an arbitrary
multilayer structure to obtain the extraction efficiency from realistic planar microcavities …

The advent of electron-and photon-confined structures has led to a wealth of novel physical
phenomena and device applications. While the 1980s were devoted to 2D electronic …

Line-of-sight free-space optical links can provide extremely high bandwidth
communications, but this usually requires that transmitter and receiver are precisely aligned …