• Premise of the study: Near‐future climate changes are likely to elicit major vegetation
changes. Disequilibrium dynamics, which occur when vegetation comes out of equilibrium …

Hurricanes have visible and invisible effects on forests. The visible effects are dramatic,
noticeable over the short‐term and relatively well documented in the literature. Invisible …

We propose four postulates as the minimum set of logical propositions necessary for a
theory of pulse dynamics and disturbance in ecosystems:(1) resource dynamics …

5. Space-for-Tlme Substitution 111 dams and organic storage in streams introduce a past to
certain aquatic systems. The impact of temporal differences in fish recruitment can cascade …

Urban ecological systems are characterized by complex interactions among social,
economic, institutional, and environmental variables. These interactions generate complex …

It is a widely held belief that a climax vegetation of closed forest systems covered the
lowlands of Central and Western Europe before humans intervened in prehistoric times to …

These two books represent a synthesis and critical evaluation of studies conducted on bird
communities, or sets of bird species that occur together. Drawing from studies conducted …

The extensive literature on natural disturbance in forests is reviewed in terms of the
hypotheses:(1) that disturbance is a major force moulding the development, structure and …

Plant and animal species have been used for decades as indicators of air and water quality
and agricultural and range conditions. Increasingly, vertebrates are used to assess …

Prior to the arrival of white settlers, fire-return intervals in the sagebrush (Artemisia)-steppe
probably varied between 60 and 110 years, but much of the region now burns at intervals of …