Significance: Intrarenal oxidative stress plays a critical role in the initiation and progression
of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Enhanced oxidative stress results from overproduction of …

Progression of fibrosis involves interstitial hypercellularity, matrix accumulation, and atrophy
of epithelial structures, resulting in loss of normal function and ultimately organ failure. There …

Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is believed to be a major microvascular complication of
diabetes. The hallmark of DN includes deposition of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) proteins …

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a pivotal
role in mediating cell size and mass, proliferation, and survival. mTOR has also emerged as …

Hyperglycemia induces a wide array of signaling pathways in the kidney that lead to
hypertrophy and matrix expansion, eventually culminating in progressive kidney failure …

Ghrelin is a peptide hormone primarily produced in the previously unidentified X/A
endocrine cells of the stomach. Extensive studies have focused on the effects of ghrelin on …

Abstract Significance: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has only recently gained recognition for its
physiological effects. It is synthesized widely in the mammalian tissues and regulates …

Oxidative stress has been linked to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, a
complication of diabetes in the kidney. NADPH oxidases of the Nox family are a major …

Hyperglycemia is linked to increased heart failure among diabetic patients. However, the
mechanisms that mediate hyperglycemia-induced cardiac damage remain poorly …

The immunosuppressive drug rapamycin has helped to identify a large signaling network
around the target of rapamycin (TOR) protein that integrates information on nutrient …