Malaria is a major killer of children worldwide and the strongest known force for evolutionary
selection in the recent history of the human genome. The past decade has seen growing …

Malaria is a major cause of disease and death in tropical countries. A safe and effective
vaccine is essential to achieve significant and sustained reductions in malaria-related …

Following their discovery in the early 1970s, classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci
have been the prototypical candidates for genetic susceptibility to infectious disease …

Cytokines, signaling proteins produced by a variety of cell types, are essential for the
development and functioning of both innate and adaptive immune response. Cytokine gene …

The cytokine TNF is a critical mediator of immune and inflammatory responses. The TNF
gene is an immediate early gene, rapidly transcribed in a variety of cell types following …

Malaria causes an acute systemic human disease that bears many similarities, both
clinically and mechanistically, to those caused by bacteria, rickettsia, and viruses. Over the …

▪ Abstract The conceptual and methodological issues involved in the study of gene-
environment correlations (rGE) and interactions (GxE) are discussed in historical context …

The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprise complex genetic disorders, with multiple
contributing genes. Linkage studies have implicated several genomic regions as likely …

Abstract Before Robert Koch's work in the late nineteenth century, diseases such as
tuberculosis and leprosy were widely believed to be inherited disorders. Heritability of …

During the second half of the 20th century there was an immense increase in both empirical
findings on, and conceptual understanding of, the effects of nature, nurture, and …