In plants, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed during normal conditions are essential
in regulating several processes, like stomatal physiology, pathogen immunity and …

Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) are intracellular immune
receptors that are activated by their direct or indirect interactions with virulence effectors …

Hormones are tuners of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. They are involved in
various complicated networks, through which they modulate responses to different stimuli …

Global yields of potato and tomato crops have fallen owing to potato late blight disease,
which is caused by Phytophthora infestans. Although most commercial potato varieties are …

Phytohormones mediate plant development and responses to stresses caused by biotic
agents or abiotic factors. The functions of phytohormones in responses to viral infection have …

Background Among the environmental limitations that affect plant growth, viruses cause
major crop losses worldwide and represent serious threats to food security. Significant …

Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are plant hormones that typically act
antagonistically in dicotyledonous plants and SA and JA signaling is often manipulated by …

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria have been proposed as effective biocontrol agents
against several fungal and bacterial plant pathogens. However, there is limited knowledge …

Abstract Salicylic acid (SA) or 2-hydroxybenoic acid is a phenolic plant hormone that plays
an essential role in plant defense against biotrophic and semi-biotrophic pathogens. In …

During the last 50 years, it has been shown that abiotic stresses influence plant growth and
crop production greatly, and crop yields have evidently stagnated or decreased in …